Coastal Cliff Retreat and Hazard Susceptibility in the Safi Region, Morocco

Abstract

Unstable coastal cliffs represent a major hazard for infrastructure and populations along the Moroccan Atlantic coast. This study investigates the multi-decadal evolution of the Safi cliffs (1954– 2020) using aerial photographs, GIS tools, and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) to quantify cliff retreat rates. Results reveal a widespread retreat ranging from 0.04 to 0.08 m/year, with the highest values observed in clay-rich sectors prone to landslides. Rainfall and saturation cycles exacerbate this instability, whereas marine action plays a secondary role. These findings highlight the need for integrated coastal management and continuous monitoring to support effective risk prevention.